The error code 0x00000018 translates to “REFERENCE_BY_POINTER” in Windows systems. This code indicates a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) error related to how device drivers interact with memory. Here’s a breakdown of the issue and troubleshooting steps:

Description:

When a device driver in Windows needs to access a specific object in memory, it uses a pointer (a memory address) to locate that object. The reference count of the object keeps track of the number of drivers currently using it. This ensures proper memory management and prevents data corruption.

The 0x00000018 error signifies an inconsistency in the reference count. It means a driver attempted to access an object using a pointer, but the reference count for that object was invalid for the current state of the object. This could happen due to various reasons.

Causes:

• Faulty or Outdated Device Drivers: Buggy, incompatible, or outdated device drivers can have issues managing memory and reference counts correctly.
• Corrupted System Files: Damaged system files crucial for system operations or driver interactions can lead to reference count inconsistencies.
• Software Bugs: Bugs in recently installed software might interfere with driver behavior and memory management.

Solutions:

Here are some steps you can try to fix the 0x00000018 error:

Basic Troubleshooting:

1. Restart your computer: A simple restart can sometimes clear temporary glitches that might be causing the problem and resolve driver issues.
2. Update Windows and Drivers: Make sure your Windows system and all device drivers are up-to-date. Outdated software can lead to conflicts and compatibility issues. You can check for updates through Windows Update.
3. Run System File Checker (SFC) and Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM): These tools can scan and repair corrupted system files that might be causing the error. Instructions on running these tools can be found on the Microsoft website: https://support.microsoft.com/en-au/topic/use-the-system-file-checker-tool-to-repair-missing-or-corrupted-system-files-79aa86cb-ca52-166a-92a3-966e85d4094e

Advanced Troubleshooting (proceed with caution):

1. Identify Conflicting Software: If the error started after installing a specific program, consider uninstalling it. The program might be causing conflicts with system resources or drivers.
2. Update Specific Drivers (if possible): If you suspect a particular device driver might be causing the issue, try updating that specific driver. You can update drivers manually through Device Manager or use a driver updater tool (use caution with third-party tools; ensure they are from reputable sources).

Additional Considerations:

• Safe Mode: Booting your computer into Safe Mode loads Windows with only the essential drivers and programs. If the error doesn’t occur in Safe Mode, it suggests a problem with a recently installed driver or program.
• System Restore: If you recently made system changes (e.g., installed new software or updated drivers), consider performing a System Restore to revert your system to a point before the error started occurring.
• Hardware Diagnostics (if necessary): While less likely the sole cause, hardware issues can contribute to driver malfunctions in rare cases. If none of the software solutions work, consult a qualified technician for hardware diagnostics and potential replacements.

Remember: If you’re not comfortable with advanced troubleshooting steps, seek help from a qualified technician.

Additional Resources:

• Microsoft article on troubleshooting Blue Screen errors: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/resolving-blue-screen-errors-in-windows-60b01860-58f2-be66-7516-5c45a66ae3c6
• Understanding Stop Errors (BSOD): https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/debugger/bug-check-code-reference2